In this monograph the role of working day reduction in ensuring such a direction of modern economic development as overcoming significant social and economic inequality, depending on kinds of fulfilled labour – in the production or nonproduction sphere, is studied. The necessity of priority of working day reduction of employees, occupied in production, over reduction of employment in this sphere what will bring closer introduction of a six-hour working day and then – realization of the broadcast of J. M. Keynes about introduction of three-hour shifts is substantiated. This monograph is for students, post-graduates, scientists, officers of state and municipal authority, participants of trade union movement